In the reign of Leopold I, the young Belgium was leading the Industrial Revolution second only to Britain, with such novelties as the continent's first railroad, making it the world's fifth-wealthiest economy. Yet for the working class, life as factory laborer was even worse, especially into 'continental Manchester' Ghent, often packed into unsanitary pauper housing, cesspits for diseases. The rich 2% who paid enough taxes to qualify for the vote opposed social reform, until a as trike wave allowed the socialist movement winning its main demand: the general vote, albeit it multiple for the rich and excluding women. .The exploitation of the Congo as king Leopold II's private colony was particularly harsh, yet for long the ordinary Belgians barely knew about the excesses, flocking to stereotypical world exhibition 'nicker village' reconstructions known as 'people gardens'.